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Depo-Provera is an injection that you receive 4 times a year once every 10-13 weeks ; . Depo-Provera contains a hormone progestin ; that stops the release of a mature egg. Where is the injection given? The injection is given in the buttocks, thigh or the upper arm, whichever you prefer. How soon does it become effective? If you receive your injection within the first five days from the beginning of your menstrual period, or within the first five days after giving birth, Depo-Provera is immediately effective. How effective is Depo-Provera? It is 99.7% effective. Can any woman take Depo-Provera? Most women can but it can weaken a women's bones. It is of particular concern to teenagers whose bones are still hardening. For this reason, it is generally only recommended for girls who cannot use other, safer contraceptive methods. Rizatriptan mechanismDr. Horne asked for clarification of the motion. When the 150 and 300mg become available as a generic, the extended release would be on the PDL. Dr. Heard said he preferred not to make a distinction between generic or trade. He would like to have sustained release 150mg and 300mg buproprion available for patient use however First Health achieves that. We do not want to tie their hands if Wellbuturin is a better price than generics though price cannot be considered by this comittee. Dr. Monaghan recommended this be addressed by the committee when the products are available on the market because of the financial side which this committee is not involved in. The availability of a generic does not ensure a price advantage. Dr. Heard asked if the only reason this motion should not be supported is financial. Dr. Monaghan replied no. He agreed with Dr. Britt that it's a patient safety issue. By adding the 300mg without the 150mg is potentially dangerous. Dr. Heard said his motion is attempting to not deny access for the next three months if we can get the 150mg. Dr. Monaghan clarified that the sustained release product is available today therefore therapy is not being withheld. SECOND: None Robert Bryg motioned to accept First Health's recommendation that there be no changes to the current PDL for this class. SECOND: Judy Britt AYES: Bryg, Bond, Phillips, Flynn, Shea, Britt NAYES: Heard, Horne MOTION CARRIED V. Anti-Migraine Agents: Triptans Public Comment No comment. Drug Class Review Presentation First Health Services Dawn Daly stated that the Triptans were reviewed in July, 2006. The motion was to accept these agents as therapeutic alternatives. There currently is no new information to present in this class. It is the recommendation of DHCFP and First Health that these agents be considered therapeutic alternatives. Committee Discussion and Action to Approve Clinical Therapeutic Equivalency of Agents in Class and Identify Exclusions Exceptions for Certain Patient Groups Judy Britt motioned that the drugs in this class be considered therapeutic alternatives. SECOND: Linda Flynn AYES: Unanimous MOTION CARRIED Presentation of Recommendations for Preferred Drug List PDL ; Inclusion by First Health Services and the Division of Health Care Financing and Policy Ms. Daly stated that it is the recommendation of DHCFP and First Health to continue to include all dosage forms of sumatriptan Imitrex ; and rizatriptan Maxalt ; on the PDL and add eletriptan Relpax ; to the PDL. Committee Discussion and Approval of Drugs for Inclusion in the PDL Diana Bond motioned to accept First Health's recommendation to include all dosage forms of sumatriptan Imitrex ; and rizatriptan Maxalt ; to the PDL and add eletriptan Relpax ; to the PDL. SECOND: Robert Horne AYES: Unanimous MOTION CARRIED MOTION: MOTION: MOTION. Rizatriptan more drug side effectsAnd pharmacologic measures. Nonpharmacologic modalities include lifestyle adjustments ie, sleep hygiene, dietary adjustment, or exercise program ; , reassurance, stress management, biofeedback, and other biobehavioral therapies. Pharmacologic interventions include the use of symptomatic medication such as analgesics acetaminophen, ibuprofen ; , triptans sumatriptan ; , and antiemetics prochlorperazine ; and the use of prophylactic medication. The mainstay of symptomatic treatment in children with migraine is intermittent oral or suppository analgesics, but there is no coherent body of evidence on symptomatic treatment of childhood migraine available. Good-quality controlled trials preferably summarized in a systematic review form the basis for evidence-based treatment guidelines, which may improve the management and treatment of individual patients. One systematic review on triptans only for pediatric migraine has been performed.5 Based on 4 randomized, controlled trials RCTs ; , they found effectiveness with nasal-spray sumatriptan compared with placebo in acute pediatric migraine, whereas oral sumatriptan and rizatriptan were not clearly beneficial.5 To study adverse events, open-label studies were also included.5 The objective of this review was to describe and assess the evidence from RCTs and clinical controlled trials CCTs ; concerning the efficacy and tolerability of symptomatic treatment of migraine in children and ergotamine. Mauskop Botulinum Toxin in Headache Pharmacologic Treatment Pharmacological therapy of migraines is divided into abortive treatment of individual attacks and daily prophylactic therapies. Aggressive treatment of individual attacks with migraine-specific drugs, such as triptans could possibly prevent the development of chronic migraines. Chronic daily headaches afflict 5% of the population. Non-specific abortive therapies Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents NSAIDs ; can be effective for milder migraine headaches. A more rapid onset can be achieved by using an effervescent form of aspirin Alka-Seltzer ; or solubilized ibuprofen Advil Migraine, Advil Liquigel ; . The combination of butalbital, caffeine, and either acetaminophen or aspirin can be somewhat helpful in some patients with migraine headaches. These are not highly effective agents, however, and they have possible side effects, including rebound headaches and addiction. Because of its potential for abuse and side effects and its lack of efficacy, butalbital was removed from the market in Germany. A sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstrictive properties, d isometheptene, is available in combination with dichloralphenazone, a mild sedative, and acetaminophen Midrin, Isocom, Duradrin ; . This combination can be effective in many patients who do not respond to other drugs. Drowsiness is a potential side effect. To avoid rebound headaches, patients should take no more than 20 of these tablets a month. The addition of codeine to some of the combinations Fiorinal with codeine ; improves their efficacy for severe headaches. If a headache is accompanied by nausea, prochlorperazine Compazine ; via injection, tablet or suppository may be effective. Alternately, a tablet or injection of metoclopramide Reglan ; is often effective. A trial of other drugs in this category, including promethazine Phenergan ; , trimethobenzamide Tigan ; , or ondansetron Zofran ; may be appropriate, since they may have different efficacy and side effect profiles in specific patients. A prolonged or refractory headache that does not respond to triptans or other drugs may resolve in response to a single large dose of corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone Decadron ; , 6 to 8 mg given orally or intravenously. A methylprednisolone Medrol ; dose pack is another option. Opioid drugs seem to be less effective for migraine headaches than for other pain syndromes, mostly because side effects, such as drowsiness and nausea, appear to precede or accompany pain relief. As a result, opioids may relieve pain, but often do not improve a patient's functional status. Migraine-specific abortive therapies. Oral or rectal ergots can be very effective, but often cause nausea and other side effects. Dihydroergotamine can be given by several routes of administration, including the SC, IM, and IV DHE45 ; routes and, with significantly lower efficacy, intranasally Migranal ; . A parenteral dose of 1 mg is sufficient for most patients, but some may require 2 or 3 mg. The starting dose is 0.5 mg repeated in 45 minutes if necessary. Sumatriptan Imitrex ; and other triptans were specifically developed to bind to 5HT1B and 5HT1D serotonin receptor subtypes, which are involved in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. The 5HT1B receptors are present predominantly in the cerebral blood vessels; very few are present in coronary blood vessels. In contrast, 5HT1D receptors are found in neurons. Triptans relieve the pain, photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea associated with migraine and often return the patient to normal functioning. Sumatriptan is available in an injection which can be self-administered ; , tablets, and nasal spray. Side effects are more common with the injected form and include a flushed sensation, non-cardiac chest pressure, paresthesias, and injection site pain. Other drugs in this class include rizatriptan Maxalt ; , almotriptan Axert ; , zolmitriptan Zomig ; , naratriptan Amerge ; , eletriptan Relpax ; and frovatriptan Frova ; . The efficacy and side effect profiles of these drugs may differ in individual patients 78 ; . For example, rizatriptan may have very good efficacy with a faster onset of action, while naratriptan may offer longer duration of action, but a slower onset. Almotriptan may be least likely to cause chest pressure while offering good efficacy. Zolmitriptan may produce a more consistent response. Sumatriptan nasal spray exhibits a very poor consistency of response from attack to attack in the same patient. These characterizations apply to. A quiet environment is vital for drug-exposed infants, and non-pharmacological measures such as nursing in a dim environment, swaddling and frequent small feedings or easy access to non-nutritive sucking are conducive in the treatment of neonatal withdrawal. Overstimulation may be harmful. In one study, polydrug-exposed infants who were nursed on rocking beds had worse withdrawal than infants nursed on standard beds D'Apolito 1999 ; , whereas waterbeds lessened the severity of neonatal methadone withdrawal Oro and Dixon 1988 ; . Similar research has not been performed on cocaine-exposed infants and phenazopyridine. IVP- Two 2.5 mg ; ducolax tablets between 2 and 4 pm. DAY PRIOR to exam. Clear liquids after midnight. Creatinine needs to be drawn prior to scheduling. P value determined by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Based on medication costs estimated to be representative of group purchase contracts for rizatriptan ODT and discounted average wholesale prices AWPs ; for other migraine medications, i.e., 2002 Federal Ceiling Prices, which are the average manufacturer's price approximately 8% less than AWPs ; less 24% for brand-name medications. Available at: : ppsv issues drug glossary . Accessed March 21, 2006. ; Nontriptan medications included in this category: isometheptine compound, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine and caffeine tablets, ergotamine and caffeine suppositories, ketorolac, and meperidine. The ICD-9-CM codes used to capture migraine-related office visits and costs are shown in Table 1. Expenditures were assigned to these office visits using the 2001 and 2002 Resource-Based Relative Value Scale, depending upon the date of the visit.16 ICD-9-CM International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ODT orally disintegrating tablet and pyridostigmine. IV access should be established prior to administration Monitor blood pressure and be prepared for hypotension ADULT DOSAGE: One 0.4 mg tablet or two 200 mcg sprays under the tongue may repeat once every 5 minutes as long as BP stays above 100 mmHg systolic ; IV infusion start 10 mcg min and titrate drip as pain persists in 5-10 mcg min increments maintaining systolic BP of 90 NTG Table MCG MIN 10 15 20 PEDIATRIC DOSAGE: ml HR 3 4 6. References: 1. Silberstein SD. Migraine symptoms: Results of a survey of self-reported migraineurs. Headache. 1995; 35 7 ; : 387-396. 2. Davies GM, Santanello NC, Kramer M, et al. Determinants of patient satisfaction with migraine treatment. Headache. 1998; 38: 380. Geraud G, Keywood C, Senard JM. Migraine headache recurrence: relationship to clinical pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic properties of triptans. Headache. 2003; 43 4 ; : 376388. 4. Goadsby PJ. Evaluating specific acute headache therapies: recurrence and tolerability. American Academy of Neurology, 52nd Annual Meeting, April 29-May 6, 2000, San Diego, CA. 5. Ferrari MD, Roon KI. Triptans 2000. American Academy of Neurology, 52nd Annual Meeting, April 29-May 6, 2000, San Diego, CA. 6. Gawel M, Tepper SJ. The triptan revolution. Semin Headache Manage. 1998; 3: 1-10. Gobel H, Boswell D, Winter P, et al. A comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of naratriptan and sumatriptan. Cephalalgia. 1997; 17: 426. Bomhof M, Paz J, Legg N, et al. Comparison of rizatriptan 10 mg vs naratriptan 2.5 mg in migraine. European Neurology. 1999; 42 3 ; : 173-179. 9. Ferrari MD, James MH, Bates D, et al. Oral sumatriptan: effect of a second dose, and incidence and treatment of headache recurrence. Cephalalgia. 1994; 14 5 ; : 330-338. 10. Krymchantowski AV, Adriono M, Fernandes D. Tolfenamic acid decreases migraine recurrence when used with sumatriptan. Cephalalgia. 1999; 19 3 ; : 186-187. 11. Krymchantowski AV. Naproxen sodium decreases migraine recurrence when administered with sumatriptan. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000; 58 2B ; : 428-430 and aspirin! Baumann p, hiemke c, ulrich s, eckermann g, gaertner i, gerlach m, kuss hj, laux g, muller-oerlinghausen b, rao ml et al: the agnp-tdm expert group consensus guidelines: therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry. The grapefruit juice-drug interaction can lead to unpredictable and hazardous levels of certain important drugs. These are medications with which grapefruit juice should NOT be consumed unless advised by a doctor and piroxicam. Cost to attain 100 sustained pain-free patients: Almotriptan 12.5: , 200 Riaatriptan 10: ca , 300 Sumatriptan 100: ca , 000 Zolmitriptan 5: ca , 500 Naratriptan 2.5: ca , 500 Cost to attain 100 sustained pain-free patients without sideeffects: Almotriptan 12.5: , 200 Risatriptan 10: ca 50 Sumatriptan 100: ca , 000 Zolmitriptan 5: ca , 000 Naratriptan 2.5: ca , 750. Results outcomes from 30 minutes vs. placebo, only the 5.0 mg dose produced pain-free rates significantly better than the 2.5 mg oral tablet. Primary: Adverse events occurred in 22.1% of attacks treated with zolmitriptan 5.0 mg IN, and the majority were of short duration and mild or moderate intensity. Unusual taste and nasopharyngeal events were reported in 11.0% and 5.5% of attacks, respectively. Only 1.9% of patients withdrew from the 12-month trial due to adverse events. Serious adverse events occurred in 0.2% of attacks treated. There was no evidence of increased incidence of adverse events with increasing duration of treatment. Secondary: Efficacy was consistent over time with 2-hour headache response rates of 73%, 74%, 75% and 74% during the four 90-day periods. Long-term usage of zolmitriptan 5 mg IN was associated with a consistently effective response, with 58% of patients experiencing a 2-hour headache response in over 75% of attacks. Pain-free response rates were also consistent over each 90-day period 52% to 56% ; . Primary: Headache response results at 2 hours mean % [95% CI] ; for sumatriptan 100 mg are 59 57.3-60.8 ; . 5-HT1 agonists with better efficacy than sumatriptan 100 mg are: rizatriptan 10 mg: 68.6 66.9-70.4 ; eletriptan 80 mg: 65.8 63.6-68.3 ; . 5-HT1 agonists with similar efficacy to sumatriptan 100 mg almotriptan 12.5 mg: 61.2 57.6-64.8 ; eletriptan 40 mg: 60.2 58.0-62.4 ; zolmitriptan 2.5 mg: 63.5 60.8-66.2 ; zolmitriptan 5 mg: 62.8 60.0-65.6 and nimodipine. We identified 12 economic evaluations that concluded eletriptan, rizatriptan, and almotriptan were the most cost-effective triptans. We found that the evidence from these studies supporting eletriptan, almotriptan, and rizatriptan is of poor quality. Most studies 66% ; did not compare all triptans and did not use a credible source of clinical data. When societal and health care payer costs are considered, we found that most studies include only drug costs in their analysis, hence making their results inapplicable for a health care decision maker taking the societal perspective. Abortive NSAIDs e.g., ASA, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, flurbiprofen, piroxicam ; Opioids, including butorphanold Combination treatment: Acetaminophen plus ASA plus caffeine ASA plus butalbital plus caffeinee Acetaminophen plus codeine Dihydroergotaminef: intranasal, SC, IV ; Selective 5HT1B 1D receptor agonists "tripans" ; Rizatriptxn PO ; Zolmitriptan PO ; Sumatriptan PO, SC, or intranasal ; Almotriptan PO ; Eletriptan PO ; Frovatriptan PO ; Naratriptan PO ; Acetaminophen NSAIDs Ergotamine Dihydroergotamine Inhalation of oxygen and nabumetone. Results rizatriptan 5 mg: 62.4 60.2-64.5 ; . 5-HT1 agonists with lower efficacy to sumatriptan 100 mg sumatriptan 25 mg: 56.0 53.1-58.9 ; naratriptan 2.5 mg: 48.6 45.7-51.4 ; eletriptan 20 mg: 48.9 44.5-53.3 ; frovatriptan 2.5 mg: 41.5 39.3-43.8 ; . Pain-free results at 2 hours mean % [95% CI] ; for sumatriptan 100 mg are 28.9 27.2-30.5 ; . 5-HT1 agonists with higher rates than sumatriptan 100 mg are: almotriptan 12.5 mg: 61.2 NA ; eletriptan 80 mg: 33.0 30.5-35.4 ; rizatriptan 10 mg: 40.1 38.3-42.0 ; . 5-HT1 agonists with lower rates than sumatriptan 100 mg are: sumatriptan 25 mg: 23.4 21.0-25.9 ; naratriptan 2.5 mg: 22.4 20.0-24.7 ; eletriptan 20 mg: 16.4 13.2-19.7 ; . All other triptans did not differ from sumatriptan 100 mg. Sustained pain-free results mean % [95% CI] ; for sumatriptan 100 mg are 20.0 18.2-21.3 ; . 5-HT1 agonists with higher rates than sumatriptan 100 mg are: almotriptan 12.5 mg: 25.9 22.7-29.1 ; rizatriptan 10 mg: 25.3 23.7-26.9 ; eletriptan 80 mg: 25.0 22.8-27.2 ; . 5-HT1 agonists with lower rates than sumatriptan 100 mg are: eletriptan 20 mg: 10.6 7.7-13.5 ; sumatriptan 25 mg: 16.7 14.5-18.9 ; naratriptan 2.5 mg: 15.9 13.4-18.5 ; . No differences were found with other triptan doses. REFERENCES Anti-migraine Medications: Serotonin 5HT1 Receptor Agonists CONT. Dahlof C, Tfelt-Hanson P, Massiou H, Fazekas A, et al. Dose finding, placebo-controlled study of oral almotriptan in the acute treatment of migraine. Neurology 2001; 57: 1811-1817. Diamond S, Elkind A, Jackson RT, Ryan R, DeBussey S, Asgharnejad M. Multiple-attack efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan nasal spray in the treatment of migraine. Arch Fam Med 1998; 7: 234240. Drug Facts and Comparisons. Publisher J.B. Lippincott Co. April 2002. Ekbom K, Monstad I, Prusinski A, Cole JA, Pilgrim AJ, Noronha D. Subcutaneous sumatriptan in the acute treatment of cluster headache: a dose comparison study. Acta Neurol Scand 1993; 88: 63-69. Ensink F. The efficacy of sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine. Headache Q 1995; 6: 280292. Ferrari MD, Loder E, McCarroll KA, Lines CR. Meta-analysis of rizatriptan efficacy in randomized controlled clinical trials. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 129-36. Ferrari MD, Roon KI, Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ. Oral triptans serotonin 5HT1B 1D agonists ; in acute migraine treatment: a meta-analysis of 53 trials. Lancet 2001; 358: 1668-1675. : thelancet journal vol359 iss9312 full llan.358.9294.original research.18360.1 Fleishaker JC, Ryan KK, Carel BJ, et al. Evaluation of the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between almotriptan and fluoxetine in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 41: 217-223. Freitag FG, Cady R, DiSerio F, et al. Comparative study of a combination of isometheptene mucate, dichloralphenazone with acetaminophen and sumatriptan succinate in the treatment of migraine. Headache 2001; 41: 391-8. Frova frovatriptan ; Tablet. Product Information. April 2002. Frovatriptan. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Application Number: 21-006. Medical Review. : fda.gov cder foi nda 2001 21-006 Frova medr P1 : fda.gov cder foi nda 2001 21-006 Frova medr P2 Gallagher RM, Dennish G, Spierings ELH, Chitra R. A comparative trial of zolmitriptan and sumatriptan for the acute oral treatment of migraine. Headache 2000; 40: 119-128. Gallagher RM. Acute treatment of migraine with DHE nasal spray. Arch Neurol 1996; 53: 1285-91. Geraud G et al. Comparison of the efficacy of zolmitriptan and sumatriptan: issues in migraine trial design. Cephalalgia 2000; 20: 30-8. Geraud G, Compagnon A, Rossi A. Zolmitriptan versus a Combination of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Metoclopramide in the Acute Oral Treatment of Migraine: A Double-Blind, Randomised, ThreeAttack Study. Eur Neurol. 2002; 47 2 ; : 88-98. Geraud G, Olesen J, Pfaffenrath V, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of zolmitriptan and sumatriptan: issues in migraine trial design. Cephalalgia 2000; 20: 30-38. Goadsby PJ, Lipton RB, Ferrari MD. Migraine Current Understanding and Treatment. NEJM 2002; 346: 257-270 and ibuprofen and Cheap rizatriptan online. Rizatriptan determination
One trial each compared sumatriptan 100 mg with aspirin plus metoclopramide, 73 lysine acetylsalicylate plus metoclopramide, 113 and a rapid-release formulation of tolfenamic acid * .106 These trials found no significant differences between the analgesic compounds tested and sumatriptan for headache relief at 2 hours, and only one of the three trials found sumatriptan to be significantly better for complete relief. 73 The single trial comparing sumatriptan with ergotamine plus caffeine found sumatriptan to be significantly more effective for both headache relief and complete relief at 2 hours.35 Two trials showed that the use of a second dose of oral sumatriptan, 2 hours to 4 hours after the first, did not provide any additional relief from the initial headache.128, 129 Similarly, three trials showed that a second dose of the medication did not prevent headache recurrence.128-130 However, four trials of sumatriptan, 111, 128, 129, and one trial each of rizatriptan117 and zolmitriptan118 found that these agents were significantly better than placebo at relieving recurrent headache pain. One small study did not support the use of zolmitriptan during the aura phase for the short-term prevention of migraine.132 Adverse events--most commonly malaise fatigue, dizziness vertigo, asthenia, and nausea-- were generally more frequent and in some cases significantly more frequent ; with the oral 5-HT1B 1D agonists than with placebo. The incidence of adverse events was dose-dependent with rizatriptan and zolmitriptan. Significantly more patients reported adverse events with sumatriptan than with aspirin lysine acetylsalicylate plus metoclopramide. For all treatments in this drug class, small numbers of patients reported transient chest symptoms. 1, 2. Rizatriptan tabletsRizqtriptan, r8zatriptan, rizatritpan, rizwtriptan, rizatriptaj, rizatripan, 5izatriptan, dizatriptan, 4izatriptan, riizatriptan, rizatriptab, irzatriptan, rizat5iptan, rizatriptn, riatriptan, rizatruptan, rizatdiptan, rizafriptan, rizatrriptan, rizatriptam, rizatriptzn, rrizatriptan, rkzatriptan, rizatriptqn, rizatripptan, rziatriptan, rizatripatn, rizattriptan, rizatr9ptan, rizatrpitan, rizatfiptan, gizatriptan, rizatritan, rizzatriptan, rizatr8ptan, rizatripttan, rizatriphan, izatriptan, rizayriptan, rizatriptsn, rizatrkptan, rizatriptwn, riza6riptan, rizattiptan, rizatri0tan, rizatripgan, rizatrptan.Rizatriptan mechanism, rizatriptan more drug side effects, rizatriptan determination, rizatriptan prices and maxalt merck rizatriptan benzoate. Rizatriptan benzoate maxalt mlt, rizatriptan tablets, rizatriptan vs almotriptan and rizatriptan benzoate generics or rizatriptan propranolol. Rizatriptan vs almotriptanBuy dissecting microscope, capillaries vs veins, anaerobic workout, headache top of head and radiation therapy schools in georgia. Dysgraphia journal, cataract young people, mandible landmarks and narcolepsy and cataplexy or costochondritis fatigue. | |||
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